Present perfect

In Past Participle we used HAD,

Now in the present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb “has” or “have” with the past participle.

Ex:

I have studied.

He has written a letter to María.

We have been stranded for six days.

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Because the present perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb.

1) I have studied.

(main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: have)

2) He has written a letter to María.

(main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: has)

3) We have been stranded for six days.

(main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: have)

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In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb “haber” with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows:

he

has

ha

hemos

habéis

han

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 The following examples all use the past participle for the verb “comer.”

(yo) He comido.

I have eaten.

(tú) Has comido.

You have eaten.

(él) Ha comido.

He has eaten.

(nosotros) Hemos comido.

We have eaten.

(vosotros) Habéis comido.

You-all have eaten.

(ellos) Han comido.

They have eaten.

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The Difference between Past participle and Present perfect tense:

Past participle used as an adjective:

La cuenta está pagada.

The bill is paid.

Past participle used in the present perfect tense:

He pagado la cuenta.

I have paid the bill.