Monday, October 16, 2017

Simple Past tense

The Spanish preterite tense (el pretérito) is used to describe actions completed at a point in the past.

1) There are only two sets of endings for regular preterite verbs, one for -ar verbs and one for both -er and -ir verbs.

To conjugate a regular verb in the preterite tense, simply remove the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and add the preterite ending that matches the subject.

Check out the table of regular preterite endings below.

Subject-ar Verbs-er and -ir Verbs
yo
-aste-iste
él, ella, usted-ió
nosotros-amos-imos
vosotros-asteis-isteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes-aron-ieron

Note : Please check the accents on the Yo and El, ella, usted forms. They play a major role.
Ex :

With a Accent:
1) Mandó una carta.
He/She sent a letter.

Same sentence without accent:
1) Mando una carta.
I send a letter.

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The first person plural (nosotros) endings for regular -ar and -ir verbs are the same for both the preterite and present tenses.

Context clues, such as adverbs like siempre (always) and ayer (yesterday), can help you figure out if a nosotros form refers to the past or the present.

Example :

Siempre cocinamos paella los domingos.
We always cook paella on Sundays.

Ayer cocinamos paella para mi familia.
Yesterday we cooked paella for my family.

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Irregular Spanish Preterite Forms

Four of the most common verbs with irregular preterite forms are ser, ir, dar, and ver. For more on tricky preterite forms, check out our article here

Irregular Preterite Verb Conjugations

SubjectSer (to be)Ir (to go)Dar (to give)Ver (to see)
yo
fui
 
fui
 
di
 
vi
 
fuiste
 
fuiste
 
diste
 
viste
 
él, ella, usted
fue
 
fue
 
dio
 
vio
 
nosotros
fuimos
 
fuimos
 
dimos
 
vimos
 
vosotros
fuisteis
 
fuisteis
 
disteis
 
visteis
 
ellos, ellas, ustedes
fueron
 
fueron
 
dieron
 
vieron
 


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Uses of the Preterite

The preterite is used to talk about completed actions in the past. 

More specifically, it is used to talk about beginnings and ends, things that took place on specific days or dates, at specific times or during specific time periods, and events in a sequence.

1. Completed Events

The preterite is used to talk about completed events, especially those with very clear beginnings and ends.
Compré un coche nuevo.
I bought a new car.
 
Ben y Cristina se casaron.
Ben and Cristina got married.
 
Roberto nació en Costa Rica.
Roberto was born in Costa Rica.
 

2. Beginnings and Ends

Beginnings and ends themselves are also talked about using the preterite. Key verbs you'll see used to talk about beginnings and ends in the past are empezar (to begin), comenzar (to begin), terminar (to finish), and acabar (to end).
Empezó a nevar.
It began to snow.
 
La película terminó con una sorpresa.
The movie ended with a surprise.
 

3. Specific Times and Dates

The preterite is used to talk about past events or actions that occurred on specific days or dates, at specific times, and during specific time periods.
Regresé anoche a las diez.
I got back last night at ten.
 
Vivió en Perú por tres meses.
He lived in Peru for three months.
 
Leíste este libro el mes pasado.
You read this book last month.
 
Nacho nació el tres de agosto.
Nacho was born on August third.
 

4. Events in a Sequence

The preterite is used for listing past events that took place in a sequence.
Me levanté, me vestí, y salí para la fiesta.
I got up, got dressed, and left for the party.
 
 entraste, bebiste un vaso de agua y comiste una hamburguesa.
You came in, drank a glass of water, and ate a hamburger.

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